Most patches of leukoplakia are benign, but a small number can show early cancer symptoms, and numerous mouth cancers develop beside the areas of leukoplakia. Image exophytic leukoplakia on the buccal mucosa 11. But other irritants can cause this condition as well. Leukoplakia genetic and rare diseases information center. As mentioned above, most pvl cases processed to malignancy over many years, sometimes 20 years. Oral leukoplakia may later prove to be due to one of the following conditions. Review article an update on precancerous lesions of oral cavity. Pdf largely oral cancers are preceded by potentially malignant lesions, which may appear as white or red patches on the oral mucosa.
Erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia are oral precancerous lesions that have a high potential for malignant transformation. Dysplasia, leukoplakia, lichen planus, oral cancer, potentially malignant. Leukoplakia could be classified as mucosal disease, and also as a premalignant condition. The surface texture is irregular compared to homogenous leukoplakia, and may be flat papular, nodular or exophytic. Leukoplakia, or white and gray patches inside the mouth, may be caused by irritation. Leukoplakia is a condition in which thick, white or grayish patches form usually inside your mouth. The main purpose of oral leukoplakia management is to avoid malignant transformation of the lesion or if this happened to detect this in early stages. Patients with idiopathic leukoplakia have the highest risk of developing cancer. The color may be predominantly white or a mixed white and red. Generating an epub file may take a long time, please be patient. Looking for online definition of speckled oral leukoplakia in the medical dictionary.
Leukoplakia patches can also develop on the female genital area. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a rare oral leukoplakia and has four features such as chronic proliferation, multiple occurrences, refractoriness to treatment and high rate of malignant transformation. A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the. Speckled leukoplakia proliferative verrucous leukoplakia proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl and verrucous hyperplasia vii are two related oral mucosal lesions. Therefore, it is advised to see the dentist if an individual has persistent, unusual changes in the mouth. Learn more from webmd about how leukoplakia is treated. May 19, 2017 non homogenous nonhomogenous leukoplakia is a lesion of nonuniform appearance. For this estimated rate, the author stefano petti, in a metaanalysis including 23 primary studies from all over the world published in the period 19862002 found no difference between geographical areas and between younger and older patients. Vocal cord leukoplakia laryngeal speckled leukoplakia epithelial alterations histopathology hyperkeratosis hyperplasia dysplasia. Leukoplakia is typically not hazardous, but it often can be serious. Two cases of oral speckled leukoplakia with differing behaviour are presented. Leukoplakia appears as thick, white patches on the inside surfaces of your mouth. The average percentage of malignant transformation for leukoplakia varies between 4% and 6%.
Apr 17, 2017 the world health organization who first defined oral leukoplakia as a white patch or plaque that could not be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease. This function is accomplished through a ligation between betacarotene and oxygen, which is an unstable reactive molecule, thus diminishing the damaging effects of free radicals lycopene in vitro experiments have shown the inhibition of the process of human neoplastic cellular growth by lycopene, since this. Leukoplakia, management, surgical, nonsurgical treatment, introduction oral leukoplakia ol is the most frequent precancerous lesion of the oral cavity. Kanmani2, n megalai3 1department of oral medicine and radiology, indira gandhi institute of dental sciences, pondicherry, india, 2department of oral medicine and radiology, srm. Grayish or white patches which can not be wiped away. This precancerous lesion ofunknown aetiology requires early diagnosis for proper. Banoczy 5 showed that 26 percent of carcinomas developed in speckled leukoplakia, whilst only 2 percent carcinomas developed from theothertype ofleukoplakia. It is an aggressive form of oral idiopathic leukoplakia that has a considerable morbidity. Aim a retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic features of cases of oral erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia in patients who were seen at a center specialized in stomatology and histopathological diagnosis of oral diseases. Review article an update on precancerous lesions of oral cavity goyal d1, goyal p2, singh hp3, verma c4 abstract oral cancer is the most common head and neck cancer, found in 270,000 patients annually worldwide. Conditions that may predispose to malignancy ie oral cancer include. The mean size of the leukoplakia and speckled leukoplakia lesions was mm ranging from 1 to 100 mm and 15. Files describing all cases classified as opmd leukoplakia, speckled leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and.
Epidemiological and clinicopathological study of oral leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a white or gray patch that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek. The term oral erythroplakia is used to describe a red plaque or macular lesion in the mouth for which a specific clinical diagnosis cannot be established. A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic features of cases of oral erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia in patients who were seen at a center specialized in stomatology and. Leukoplakia archived 20703 at the wayback machine, pdf format hosted by the american academy of oral and maxillofacial pathology. Although the white color in leukoplakia is a result of hyperkeratosis or acanthosis, similarly appearing white lesions that are caused by reactive keratosis smokers keratosis or frictional keratoses e. Nov 06, 2009 nonhomogeneous leukoplakia has an uneven surface which is usually reddish and ulcerated or warty. Approximately 3 % of worldwide population has suffered from leukoplakia, 525% of which tend to be malignant leukoplakia. However, this report described a case of rapid progress, which had malignant.
May 21, 2012 leukoplakia usually does not cause complications or permanent damage. Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant oral lesion and may also be potentially malignant, transformation ranging from 333% over 10 years. Leukoplakia, management, surgical, non surgical treatment, introduction. Pdf joiner allows you to merge multiple pdf documents and images into a single pdf file, free of charge. Leukoplakia is a condition wherein white or gray patches appear in some parts of the mouth, predominantly in the buccal mucosa and the tongue. Just upload files you want to join together, reorder them with draganddrop if you need and click join files button to merge the documents. Studies by banoczy and csiba, 4 pindborg et al 5 kramer et. Some of the other studies have shown homogeneous leukoplakia to be the most common type of clinical presentation 19,20. It has a number of possible causes, including repeated injury or irritation. Oral medicine is the specialty of dentistry that sits at the interface between dentistry and medicine. This is a disorder which is most generally found in the elderly. Spectrum of architectural and cytological epithelial changes caused by a gradual accumulation of genetic changes with an increased likelihood of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Speckled leukoplakia is a rare type of leukoplakia with a. Carcinoma in situ of the oral cavity intraepithelial carcinoma nicotine stomatitis.
Speckled leukoplakia was the most common type of oral leukoplakia in this study with 66. The pooled estimated prevalence rate of oral leukoplakia in 2003 varied between 1. Erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia are oral precancerous lesions that have a. Leukoplakia has various appearances and changes can usually develop on the gums, the inside of cheeks, and the bottom of the mouth as well as often on the tongue and can also appear as. Speckled leukoplakia and non speckeled leukoplakia. Mar, 2019 oral leukoplakia ol is a white patch or plaque that cannot be rubbed off, cannot be characterized clinically or histologically as any other condition, and is not associated with any physical or chemical causative agent except tobacco. The terms, however, are not clinically or pathologically interchangeable. May 10, 2019 leukoplakia is a condition in which thick, white or grayish patches form usually inside your mouth. Oral leukoplakia is biopsy at the initial appointment a. Erythroplakia of the oral cavity american cancer society journals. Leukoplakia oral memiliki penampakan makroskopis berupa bercak putih yang berbatas tegas dan permukaannya sedikit lebih menonjol dibandingkan mukosa mulut normal. Leukoplakia is one of potentially malignant disorders that can be found on oral mucosa. Speckled leukoplakia definition of speckled leukoplakia by. With leukoplakia lookohplaykeyuh, thickened, white patches form on your gums, the insides of your cheeks.
Leukoplakia was defined as a white patch or plaque that cannot be characterised clinically or pathologically as any other disease. Oral leukoplakia, being a predominantly white change of the oral mucosa. Term is unrelated to absence or presence of dysplasia at the international seminar on oral leukoplakia and associated lesions related to tobacco habits at malmo,sweden in 1983. Speckled and verrucous leukoplakias have a greater risk for malignant transformation than the homogeneous form. At a 1983 international seminar, the following definition was proposed. This change in features usually indicates a cancerous oral leukoplakia. It is wellknown that epithelial dysplasia is a common feature of speckled leukoplakia. Although most leukoplakia patches are benign noncancerous, a small percentage show early signs of cancer, and many cancers of the mouth occur next to areas of leukoplakia. However, leukoplakia is not limited as an oral disorder alone, as it may also appear in the genital area of the female. Effect of tobacco on oralhealth an overview although white changes leukoplakia are the most common premalignant lesion, red changes erythroplasia or white changes with a red component speckled leukoplakia. The clinical diagnosis is primarily based on visual inspection and manual palpation.
Pdf erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia are oral precancerous lesions that. Leukoplakia is a firmly attached white patch on a mucous membrane which is associated with. Speckled leukoplakia erythro leukoplakia, has a cancer potential of at least 25%, in some studies as high as 41% 14. It can also be a sign of precancerous changes in the mouth or mouth cancer. Speckled leukoplakia, a clinical term to describe a patch that is both white and red, is generally regarded as a more ominous lesion because the red zones are less differentiated. Oral leukoplakia ol is the most frequent precan cerous lesion of the oral cavity. Leukoplakia free download as powerpoint presentation. The rate of malignant transformation is not definitively known, but reports in the literature range widely from 0. Oral leukoplakia describes a white patch or plaque of the oral mucosa that cannot be characterised clinically or pathologically as any other disease. Biopsy must be considered in most cases of idiopathic leukoplakia to establish a microscopic baseline for the lesion.
Erythroleukoplakia also termed speckled leukoplakia, erythroleukoplasia or. Pdf early detection and treatment of speckled leukoplakia. Leukoplakia has long been known to be a precancerous lesion for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Speckled oral leukoplakia definition of speckled oral. The boundaries of these lesions may be poorly defined, irregular, and may demonstrate a blending of inflamed and normal mucosa. Intraoperative consultation upper aerodigestive tract iocuadt. Case report of rapidly progressive proliferative verrucous. Perkembangan lesi leukoplakia oral dimulai dengan munculnya lesi putih pudar dan rata. Leukoplakia is defined as a white patch or plaque that cannot be ascribed to any other clinical disease. Leukoplakia causes, pictures, symptoms, treatment, prognosis. Speckled leukoplakia is a rare type of leukoplakia with a very high risk of premalignant growth. Speckled leukoplakia or erythroluekoplakia leukoplakia with reddish spots usually develops from a uniform white lesion and progresses to become red and ulcerated. A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic features of cases of oral erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia in patients who were seen at a center specialized in stomatology and histopathological diagnosis of oral diseases.